Powder Bed Fusion is an ISO/ASTM 52900 process category where thermal energy (laser or electron beam) selectively fuses regions of a powder bed. Each layer is spread as thin powder, fused, then the platform lowers for the next layer.

PBF sub-processes include:

• SLM/DMLS: Selective Laser Melting / Direct Metal Laser Sintering
• EBM: Electron Beam Melting
• SLS: Selective Laser Sintering (typically polymers)

PBF offers high resolution and complex geometries but has smaller build volumes and slower build rates than DED processes. It's ideal for complex, high-value components in aerospace and medical applications.

• Typical Layer Height 20-100 µm
• Surface Finish (as-built) Ra 5-20 µm
• Build Volume (typical) 250x250x300 mm to 800x400x500 mm
• Materials Metals, polymers, ceramics

• Direct Metal Laser Sintering
• Electron Beam Melting
• Directed Energy Deposition